第10章 Java IO系统
“对语言设计人员来说，创建好的输入／输出系统是一项特别困难的任务。”
由于存在大量不同的设计方案，所以该任务的困难性是很容易证明的。其中最大的挑战似乎是如何覆盖所有可能的因素。不仅有三种不同的种类的IO需要考虑（文件、控制台、网络连接），而且需要通过大量不同的方式与它们通信（顺序、随机访问、二进制、字符、按行、按字等等）。
Java库的设计者通过创建大量类来攻克这个难题。事实上，Java的IO系统采用了如此多的类，以致刚开始会产生不知从何处入手的感觉（具有讽刺意味的是，Java的IO设计初衷实际要求避免过多的类）。从Java
1.0升级到Java 1.1后，IO库的设计也发生了显著的变化。此时并非简单地用新库替换旧库，Sun的设计人员对原来的库进行了大手笔的扩展，添加了大量新的内容。因此，我们有时不得不混合使用新库与旧库，产生令人无奈的复杂代码。
本章将帮助大家理解标准Java库内的各种IO类，并学习如何使用它们。本章的第一部分将介绍“旧”的Java
1.0 IO流库，因为现在有大量代码仍在使用那个库。本章剩下的部分将为大家引入Java
1.1 IO库的一些新特性。注意若用Java 1.1编译器来编译本章第一部分介绍的部分代码，可能会得到一条“不建议使用该特性”（Deprecated
feature）警告消息。代码仍然能够使用；编译器只是建议我们换用本章后面要讲述的一些新特性。但我们这样做是有价值的，因为可以更清楚地认识老方法与新方法之间的一些差异，从而加深我们的理解（并可顺利阅读为Java
1.0写的代码）。
10.1 输入和输出
可将Java库的IO类分割为输入与输出两个部分，这一点在用Web浏览器阅读联机Java类文档时便可知道。通过继承，从InputStream（输入流）衍生的所有类都拥有名为read()的基本方法，用于读取单个字节或者字节数组。类似地，从OutputStream衍生的所有类都拥有基本方法write()，用于写入单个字节或者字节数组。然而，我们通常不会用到这些方法；它们之所以存在，是因为更复杂的类可以利用它们，以便提供一个更有用的接口。因此，我们很少用单个类创建自己的系统对象。一般情况下，我们都是将多个对象重叠在一起，提供自己期望的功能。我们之所以感到Java的流库（Stream
Library）异常复杂，正是由于为了创建单独一个结果流，却需要创建多个对象的缘故。
很有必要按照功能对类进行分类。库的设计者首先决定与输入有关的所有类都从InputStream继承，而与输出有关的所有类都从OutputStream继承。
10.1.1 InputStream的类型
InputStream的作用是标志那些从不同起源地产生输入的类。这些起源地包括（每个都有一个相关的InputStream子类）：
(1) 字节数组
(2) String对象
(3) 文件
(4)
“管道”，它的工作原理与现实生活中的管道类似：将一些东西置入一端，它们在另一端出来。
(5) 一系列其他流，以便我们将其统一收集到单独一个流内。
(6) 其他起源地，如Internet连接等（将在本书后面的部分讲述）。
除此以外，FilterInputStream也属于InputStream的一种类型，用它可为“破坏器”类提供一个基础类，以便将属性或者有用的接口同输入流连接到一起。这将在以后讨论。
|
Class |
Function |
Constructor
Arguments |
|---|---|---|
|
How to use it |
||
|
ByteArray-InputStream |
Allows a buffer in memory to be
used as an InputStream. |
The buffer from which to extract
the bytes. |
|
As a source of data. Connect it to
a FilterInputStream object to provide a useful
interface. |
||
|
StringBuffer-InputStream |
Converts a String into an
InputStream. |
A String. The underlying
implementation actually uses a StringBuffer. |
|
As a source of data. Connect it to
a FilterInputStream object to provide a useful
interface. |
||
|
File-InputStream |
For reading information from a
file. |
A String representing the
file name, or a File or FileDescriptor object. |
|
As a source of data. Connect it to
a FilterInputStream object to provide a useful
interface. |
|
Class |
Function |
Constructor
Arguments |
|
How to use it |
||
|
Data-InputStream |
Used in concert with
DataOutputStream, so you can read primitives (int, char, long, etc.) from
a stream in a portable fashion. |
InputStream |
|
Contains a full interface to allow
you to read primitive types. |
//: DirList.java
// Displays directory listing
package c10;
import java.io.*;
public class DirList {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
File path = new File(".");
String[] list;
if(args.length == 0)
list = path.list();
else
list = path.list(new DirFilter(args[0]));
for(int i = 0; i < list.length; i++)
System.out.println(list[i]);
} catch(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
class DirFilter implements FilenameFilter {
String afn;
DirFilter(String afn) { this.afn = afn; }
public boolean accept(File dir, String name) {
// Strip path information:
String f = new File(name).getName();
return f.indexOf(afn) != -1;
}
} ///:~//: DirList2.java
// Uses Java 1.1 anonymous inner classes
import java.io.*;
public class DirList2 {
public static FilenameFilter
filter(final String afn) {
// Creation of anonymous inner class:
return new FilenameFilter() {
String fn = afn;
public boolean accept(File dir, String n) {
// Strip path information:
String f = new File(n).getName();
return f.indexOf(fn) != -1;
}
}; // End of anonymous inner class
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
File path = new File(".");
String[] list;
if(args.length == 0)
list = path.list();
else
list = path.list(filter(args[0]));
for(int i = 0; i < list.length; i++)
System.out.println(list[i]);
} catch(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
} ///:~//: DirList3.java
// Building the anonymous inner class "in-place"
import java.io.*;
public class DirList3 {
public static void main(final String[] args) {
try {
File path = new File(".");
String[] list;
if(args.length == 0)
list = path.list();
else
list = path.list(
new FilenameFilter() {
public boolean
accept(File dir, String n) {
String f = new File(n).getName();
return f.indexOf(args[0]) != -1;
}
});
for(int i = 0; i < list.length; i++)
System.out.println(list[i]);
} catch(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
} ///:~//: SortedDirList.java
// Displays sorted directory listing
import java.io.*;
import c08.*;
public class SortedDirList {
private File path;
private String[] list;
public SortedDirList(final String afn) {
path = new File(".");
if(afn == null)
list = path.list();
else
list = path.list(
new FilenameFilter() {
public boolean
accept(File dir, String n) {
String f = new File(n).getName();
return f.indexOf(afn) != -1;
}
});
sort();
}
void print() {
for(int i = 0; i < list.length; i++)
System.out.println(list[i]);
}
private void sort() {
StrSortVector sv = new StrSortVector();
for(int i = 0; i < list.length; i++)
sv.addElement(list[i]);
// The first time an element is pulled from
// the StrSortVector the list is sorted:
for(int i = 0; i < list.length; i++)
list[i] = sv.elementAt(i);
}
// Test it:
public static void main(String[] args) {
SortedDirList sd;
if(args.length == 0)
sd = new SortedDirList(null);
else
sd = new SortedDirList(args[0]);
sd.print();
}
} ///:~//: MakeDirectories.java
// Demonstrates the use of the File class to
// create directories and manipulate files.
import java.io.*;
public class MakeDirectories {
private final static String usage =
"Usage:MakeDirectories path1 ...\n" +
"Creates each path\n" +
"Usage:MakeDirectories -d path1 ...\n" +
"Deletes each path\n" +
"Usage:MakeDirectories -r path1 path2\n" +
"Renames from path1 to path2\n";
private static void usage() {
System.err.println(usage);
System.exit(1);
}
private static void fileData(File f) {
System.out.println(
"Absolute path: " + f.getAbsolutePath() +
"\n Can read: " + f.canRead() +
"\n Can write: " + f.canWrite() +
"\n getName: " + f.getName() +
"\n getParent: " + f.getParent() +
"\n getPath: " + f.getPath() +
"\n length: " + f.length() +
"\n lastModified: " + f.lastModified());
if(f.isFile())
System.out.println("it's a file");
else if(f.isDirectory())
System.out.println("it's a directory");
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
if(args.length < 1) usage();
if(args[0].equals("-r")) {
if(args.length != 3) usage();
File
old = new File(args[1]),
rname = new File(args[2]);
old.renameTo(rname);
fileData(old);
fileData(rname);
return; // Exit main
}
int count = 0;
boolean del = false;
if(args[0].equals("-d")) {
count++;
del = true;
}
for( ; count < args.length; count++) {
File f = new File(args[count]);
if(f.exists()) {
System.out.println(f + " exists");
if(del) {
System.out.println("deleting..." + f);
f.delete();
}
}
else { // Doesn't exist
if(!del) {
f.mkdirs();
System.out.println("created " + f);
}
}
fileData(f);
}
}
} ///:~//: IOStreamDemo.java
// Typical IO Stream Configurations
import java.io.*;
import com.bruceeckel.tools.*;
public class IOStreamDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
// 1. Buffered input file
DataInputStream in =
new DataInputStream(
new BufferedInputStream(
new FileInputStream(args[0])));
String s, s2 = new String();
while((s = in.readLine())!= null)
s2 += s + "\n";
in.close();
// 2. Input from memory
StringBufferInputStream in2 =
new StringBufferInputStream(s2);
int c;
while((c = in2.read()) != -1)
System.out.print((char)c);
// 3. Formatted memory input
try {
DataInputStream in3 =
new DataInputStream(
new StringBufferInputStream(s2));
while(true)
System.out.print((char)in3.readByte());
} catch(EOFException e) {
System.out.println(
"End of stream encountered");
}
// 4. Line numbering & file output
try {
LineNumberInputStream li =
new LineNumberInputStream(
new StringBufferInputStream(s2));
DataInputStream in4 =
new DataInputStream(li);
PrintStream out1 =
new PrintStream(
new BufferedOutputStream(
new FileOutputStream(
"IODemo.out")));
while((s = in4.readLine()) != null )
out1.println(
"Line " + li.getLineNumber() + s);
out1.close(); // finalize() not reliable!
} catch(EOFException e) {
System.out.println(
"End of stream encountered");
}
// 5. Storing & recovering data
try {
DataOutputStream out2 =
new DataOutputStream(
new BufferedOutputStream(
new FileOutputStream("Data.txt")));
out2.writeBytes(
"Here's the value of pi: \n");
out2.writeDouble(3.14159);
out2.close();
DataInputStream in5 =
new DataInputStream(
new BufferedInputStream(
new FileInputStream("Data.txt")));
System.out.println(in5.readLine());
System.out.println(in5.readDouble());
} catch(EOFException e) {
System.out.println(
"End of stream encountered");
}
// 6. Reading/writing random access files
RandomAccessFile rf =
new RandomAccessFile("rtest.dat", "rw");
for(int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
rf.writeDouble(i*1.414);
rf.close();
rf =
new RandomAccessFile("rtest.dat", "rw");
rf.seek(5*8);
rf.writeDouble(47.0001);
rf.close();
rf =
new RandomAccessFile("rtest.dat", "r");
for(int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
System.out.println(
"Value " + i + ": " +
rf.readDouble());
rf.close();
// 7. File input shorthand
InFile in6 = new InFile(args[0]);
String s3 = new String();
System.out.println(
"First line in file: " +
in6.readLine());
in6.close();
// 8. Formatted file output shorthand
PrintFile out3 = new PrintFile("Data2.txt");
out3.print("Test of PrintFile");
out3.close();
// 9. Data file output shorthand
OutFile out4 = new OutFile("Data3.txt");
out4.writeBytes("Test of outDataFile\n\r");
out4.writeChars("Test of outDataFile\n\r");
out4.close();
} catch(FileNotFoundException e) {
System.out.println(
"File Not Found:" + args[0]);
} catch(IOException e) {
System.out.println("IO Exception");
}
}
} ///:~//: TestEOF.java
// Testing for the end of file while reading
// a byte at a time.
import java.io.*;
public class TestEOF {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
DataInputStream in =
new DataInputStream(
new BufferedInputStream(
new FileInputStream("TestEof.java")));
while(in.available() != 0)
System.out.print((char)in.readByte());
} catch (IOException e) {
System.err.println("IOException");
}
}
} ///:~//: InFile.java
// Shorthand class for opening an input file
package com.bruceeckel.tools;
import java.io.*;
public class InFile extends DataInputStream {
public InFile(String filename)
throws FileNotFoundException {
super(
new BufferedInputStream(
new FileInputStream(filename)));
}
public InFile(File file)
throws FileNotFoundException {
this(file.getPath());
}
} ///:~//: PrintFile.java
// Shorthand class for opening an output file
// for human-readable output.
package com.bruceeckel.tools;
import java.io.*;
public class PrintFile extends PrintStream {
public PrintFile(String filename)
throws IOException {
super(
new BufferedOutputStream(
new FileOutputStream(filename)));
}
public PrintFile(File file)
throws IOException {
this(file.getPath());
}
} ///:~//: OutFile.java
// Shorthand class for opening an output file
// for data storage.
package com.bruceeckel.tools;
import java.io.*;
public class OutFile extends DataOutputStream {
public OutFile(String filename)
throws IOException {
super(
new BufferedOutputStream(
new FileOutputStream(filename)));
}
public OutFile(File file)
throws IOException {
this(file.getPath());
}
} ///:~//: Echo.java
// How to read from standard input
import java.io.*;
public class Echo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
DataInputStream in =
new DataInputStream(
new BufferedInputStream(System.in));
String s;
try {
while((s = in.readLine()).length() != 0)
System.out.println(s);
// An empty line terminates the program
} catch(IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
} ///:~//: SortedWordCount.java
// Counts words in a file, outputs
// results in sorted form.
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
import c08.*; // Contains StrSortVector
class Counter {
private int i = 1;
int read() { return i; }
void increment() { i++; }
}
public class SortedWordCount {
private FileInputStream file;
private StreamTokenizer st;
private Hashtable counts = new Hashtable();
SortedWordCount(String filename)
throws FileNotFoundException {
try {
file = new FileInputStream(filename);
st = new StreamTokenizer(file);
st.ordinaryChar('.');
st.ordinaryChar('-');
} catch(FileNotFoundException e) {
System.out.println(
"Could not open " + filename);
throw e;
}
}
void cleanup() {
try {
file.close();
} catch(IOException e) {
System.out.println(
"file.close() unsuccessful");
}
}
void countWords() {
try {
while(st.nextToken() !=
StreamTokenizer.TT_EOF) {
String s;
switch(st.ttype) {
case StreamTokenizer.TT_EOL:
s = new String("EOL");
break;
case StreamTokenizer.TT_NUMBER:
s = Double.toString(st.nval);
break;
case StreamTokenizer.TT_WORD:
s = st.sval; // Already a String
break;
default: // single character in ttype
s = String.valueOf((char)st.ttype);
}
if(counts.containsKey(s))
((Counter)counts.get(s)).increment();
else
counts.put(s, new Counter());
}
} catch(IOException e) {
System.out.println(
"st.nextToken() unsuccessful");
}
}
Enumeration values() {
return counts.elements();
}
Enumeration keys() { return counts.keys(); }
Counter getCounter(String s) {
return (Counter)counts.get(s);
}
Enumeration sortedKeys() {
Enumeration e = counts.keys();
StrSortVector sv = new StrSortVector();
while(e.hasMoreElements())
sv.addElement((String)e.nextElement());
// This call forces a sort:
return sv.elements();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
SortedWordCount wc =
new SortedWordCount(args[0]);
wc.countWords();
Enumeration keys = wc.sortedKeys();
while(keys.hasMoreElements()) {
String key = (String)keys.nextElement();
System.out.println(key + ": "
+ wc.getCounter(key).read());
}
wc.cleanup();
} catch(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
} ///:~//: AnalyzeSentence.java
// Look for particular sequences
// within sentences.
import java.util.*;
public class AnalyzeSentence {
public static void main(String[] args) {
analyze("I am happy about this");
analyze("I am not happy about this");
analyze("I am not! I am happy");
analyze("I am sad about this");
analyze("I am not sad about this");
analyze("I am not! I am sad");
analyze("Are you happy about this?");
analyze("Are you sad about this?");
analyze("It's you! I am happy");
analyze("It's you! I am sad");
}
static StringTokenizer st;
static void analyze(String s) {
prt("\nnew sentence >> " + s);
boolean sad = false;
st = new StringTokenizer(s);
while (st.hasMoreTokens()) {
String token = next();
// Look until you find one of the
// two starting tokens:
if(!token.equals("I") &&
!token.equals("Are"))
continue; // Top of while loop
if(token.equals("I")) {
String tk2 = next();
if(!tk2.equals("am")) // Must be after I
break; // Out of while loop
else {
String tk3 = next();
if(tk3.equals("sad")) {
sad = true;
break; // Out of while loop
}
if (tk3.equals("not")) {
String tk4 = next();
if(tk4.equals("sad"))
break; // Leave sad false
if(tk4.equals("happy")) {
sad = true;
break;
}
}
}
}
if(token.equals("Are")) {
String tk2 = next();
if(!tk2.equals("you"))
break; // Must be after Are
String tk3 = next();
if(tk3.equals("sad"))
sad = true;
break; // Out of while loop
}
}
if(sad) prt("Sad detected");
}
static String next() {
if(st.hasMoreTokens()) {
String s = st.nextToken();
prt(s);
return s;
}
else
return "";
}
static void prt(String s) {
System.out.println(s);
}
} ///:~|
Sources &
Sinks: |
Corresponding Java 1.1
class |
|
InputStream |
Reader
|
|
OutputStream |
Writer
|
|
FileInputStream |
FileReader |
|
FileOutputStream |
FileWriter |
|
StringBufferInputStream |
StringReader |
|
(no corresponding
class) |
StringWriter |
|
ByteArrayInputStream |
CharArrayReader |
|
ByteArrayOutputStream |
CharArrayWriter |
|
PipedInputStream |
PipedReader |
|
PipedOutputStream |
PipedWriter |
|
Filters: |
Corresponding Java 1.1
class |
|---|---|
|
FilterInputStream |
FilterReader |
|
FilterOutputStream |
FilterWriter
(abstract class with no subclasses) |
|
BufferedInputStream |
BufferedReader |
|
BufferedOutputStream |
BufferedWriter |
|
DataInputStream |
use
DataInputStream |
|
PrintStream |
PrintWriter |
|
LineNumberInputStream |
LineNumberReader |
|
StreamTokenizer |
StreamTokenizer |
|
PushBackInputStream |
PushBackReader |
//: NewIODemo.java
// Java 1.1 IO typical usage
import java.io.*;
public class NewIODemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
// 1. Reading input by lines:
BufferedReader in =
new BufferedReader(
new FileReader(args[0]));
String s, s2 = new String();
while((s = in.readLine())!= null)
s2 += s + "\n";
in.close();
// 1b. Reading standard input:
BufferedReader stdin =
new BufferedReader(
new InputStreamReader(System.in));
System.out.print("Enter a line:");
System.out.println(stdin.readLine());
// 2. Input from memory
StringReader in2 = new StringReader(s2);
int c;
while((c = in2.read()) != -1)
System.out.print((char)c);
// 3. Formatted memory input
try {
DataInputStream in3 =
new DataInputStream(
// Oops: must use deprecated class:
new StringBufferInputStream(s2));
while(true)
System.out.print((char)in3.readByte());
} catch(EOFException e) {
System.out.println("End of stream");
}
// 4. Line numbering & file output
try {
LineNumberReader li =
new LineNumberReader(
new StringReader(s2));
BufferedReader in4 =
new BufferedReader(li);
PrintWriter out1 =
new PrintWriter(
new BufferedWriter(
new FileWriter("IODemo.out")));
while((s = in4.readLine()) != null )
out1.println(
"Line " + li.getLineNumber() + s);
out1.close();
} catch(EOFException e) {
System.out.println("End of stream");
}
// 5. Storing & recovering data
try {
DataOutputStream out2 =
new DataOutputStream(
new BufferedOutputStream(
new FileOutputStream("Data.txt")));
out2.writeDouble(3.14159);
out2.writeBytes("That was pi");
out2.close();
DataInputStream in5 =
new DataInputStream(
new BufferedInputStream(
new FileInputStream("Data.txt")));
BufferedReader in5br =
new BufferedReader(
new InputStreamReader(in5));
// Must use DataInputStream for data:
System.out.println(in5.readDouble());
// Can now use the "proper" readLine():
System.out.println(in5br.readLine());
} catch(EOFException e) {
System.out.println("End of stream");
}
// 6. Reading and writing random access
// files is the same as before.
// (not repeated here)
} catch(FileNotFoundException e) {
System.out.println(
"File Not Found:" + args[1]);
} catch(IOException e) {
System.out.println("IO Exception");
}
}
} ///:~//: IOBug.java
// Java 1.1 (and higher?) IO Bug
import java.io.*;
public class IOBug {
public static void main(String[] args)
throws Exception {
DataOutputStream out =
new DataOutputStream(
new BufferedOutputStream(
new FileOutputStream("Data.txt")));
out.writeDouble(3.14159);
out.writeBytes("That was the value of pi\n");
out.writeBytes("This is pi/2:\n");
out.writeDouble(3.14159/2);
out.close();
DataInputStream in =
new DataInputStream(
new BufferedInputStream(
new FileInputStream("Data.txt")));
BufferedReader inbr =
new BufferedReader(
new InputStreamReader(in));
// The doubles written BEFORE the line of text
// read back correctly:
System.out.println(in.readDouble());
// Read the lines of text:
System.out.println(inbr.readLine());
System.out.println(inbr.readLine());
// Trying to read the doubles after the line
// produces an end-of-file exception:
System.out.println(in.readDouble());
}
} ///:~//: Redirecting.java
// Demonstrates the use of redirection for
// standard IO in Java 1.1
import java.io.*;
class Redirecting {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
BufferedInputStream in =
new BufferedInputStream(
new FileInputStream(
"Redirecting.java"));
// Produces deprecation message:
PrintStream out =
new PrintStream(
new BufferedOutputStream(
new FileOutputStream("test.out")));
System.setIn(in);
System.setOut(out);
System.setErr(out);
BufferedReader br =
new BufferedReader(
new InputStreamReader(System.in));
String s;
while((s = br.readLine()) != null)
System.out.println(s);
out.close(); // Remember this!
} catch(IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
} ///:~//: GZIPcompress.java
// Uses Java 1.1 GZIP compression to compress
// a file whose name is passed on the command
// line.
import java.io.*;
import java.util.zip.*;
public class GZIPcompress {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
BufferedReader in =
new BufferedReader(
new FileReader(args[0]));
BufferedOutputStream out =
new BufferedOutputStream(
new GZIPOutputStream(
new FileOutputStream("test.gz")));
System.out.println("Writing file");
int c;
while((c = in.read()) != -1)
out.write(c);
in.close();
out.close();
System.out.println("Reading file");
BufferedReader in2 =
new BufferedReader(
new InputStreamReader(
new GZIPInputStream(
new FileInputStream("test.gz"))));
String s;
while((s = in2.readLine()) != null)
System.out.println(s);
} catch(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
} ///:~//: ZipCompress.java
// Uses Java 1.1 Zip compression to compress
// any number of files whose names are passed
// on the command line.
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
import java.util.zip.*;
public class ZipCompress {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
FileOutputStream f =
new FileOutputStream("test.zip");
CheckedOutputStream csum =
new CheckedOutputStream(
f, new Adler32());
ZipOutputStream out =
new ZipOutputStream(
new BufferedOutputStream(csum));
out.setComment("A test of Java Zipping");
// Can't read the above comment, though
for(int i = 0; i < args.length; i++) {
System.out.println(
"Writing file " + args[i]);
BufferedReader in =
new BufferedReader(
new FileReader(args[i]));
out.putNextEntry(new ZipEntry(args[i]));
int c;
while((c = in.read()) != -1)
out.write(c);
in.close();
}
out.close();
// Checksum valid only after the file
// has been closed!
System.out.println("Checksum: " +
csum.getChecksum().getValue());
// Now extract the files:
System.out.println("Reading file");
FileInputStream fi =
new FileInputStream("test.zip");
CheckedInputStream csumi =
new CheckedInputStream(
fi, new Adler32());
ZipInputStream in2 =
new ZipInputStream(
new BufferedInputStream(csumi));
ZipEntry ze;
System.out.println("Checksum: " +
csumi.getChecksum().getValue());
while((ze = in2.getNextEntry()) != null) {
System.out.println("Reading file " + ze);
int x;
while((x = in2.read()) != -1)
System.out.write(x);
}
in2.close();
// Alternative way to open and read
// zip files:
ZipFile zf = new ZipFile("test.zip");
Enumeration e = zf.entries();
while(e.hasMoreElements()) {
ZipEntry ze2 = (ZipEntry)e.nextElement();
System.out.println("File: " + ze2);
// ... and extract the data as before
}
} catch(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
} ///:~//: Worm.java
// Demonstrates object serialization in Java 1.1
import java.io.*;
class Data implements Serializable {
private int i;
Data(int x) { i = x; }
public String toString() {
return Integer.toString(i);
}
}
public class Worm implements Serializable {
// Generate a random int value:
private static int r() {
return (int)(Math.random() * 10);
}
private Data[] d = {
new Data(r()), new Data(r()), new Data(r())
};
private Worm next;
private char c;
// Value of i == number of segments
Worm(int i, char x) {
System.out.println(" Worm constructor: " + i);
c = x;
if(--i > 0)
next = new Worm(i, (char)(x + 1));
}
Worm() {
System.out.println("Default constructor");
}
public String toString() {
String s = ":" + c + "(";
for(int i = 0; i < d.length; i++)
s += d[i].toString();
s += ")";
if(next != null)
s += next.toString();
return s;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Worm w = new Worm(6, 'a');
System.out.println("w = " + w);
try {
ObjectOutputStream out =
new ObjectOutputStream(
new FileOutputStream("worm.out"));
out.writeObject("Worm storage");
out.writeObject(w);
out.close(); // Also flushes output
ObjectInputStream in =
new ObjectInputStream(
new FileInputStream("worm.out"));
String s = (String)in.readObject();
Worm w2 = (Worm)in.readObject();
System.out.println(s + ", w2 = " + w2);
} catch(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
try {
ByteArrayOutputStream bout =
new ByteArrayOutputStream();
ObjectOutputStream out =
new ObjectOutputStream(bout);
out.writeObject("Worm storage");
out.writeObject(w);
out.flush();
ObjectInputStream in =
new ObjectInputStream(
new ByteArrayInputStream(
bout.toByteArray()));
String s = (String)in.readObject();
Worm w3 = (Worm)in.readObject();
System.out.println(s + ", w3 = " + w3);
} catch(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
} ///:~Worm constructor: 6 Worm constructor: 5 Worm constructor: 4 Worm constructor: 3 Worm constructor: 2 Worm constructor: 1 w = :a(262):b(100):c(396):d(480):e(316):f(398) Worm storage, w2 = :a(262):b(100):c(396):d(480):e(316):f(398) Worm storage, w3 = :a(262):b(100):c(396):d(480):e(316):f(398)
//: Alien.java
// A serializable class
import java.io.*;
public class Alien implements Serializable {
} ///:~//: FreezeAlien.java
// Create a serialized output file
import java.io.*;
public class FreezeAlien {
public static void main(String[] args)
throws Exception {
ObjectOutput out =
new ObjectOutputStream(
new FileOutputStream("file.x"));
Alien zorcon = new Alien();
out.writeObject(zorcon);
}
} ///:~//: ThawAlien.java
// Try to recover a serialized file without the
// class of object that's stored in that file.
package c10.xfiles;
import java.io.*;
public class ThawAlien {
public static void main(String[] args)
throws Exception {
ObjectInputStream in =
new ObjectInputStream(
new FileInputStream("file.x"));
Object mystery = in.readObject();
System.out.println(
mystery.getClass().toString());
}
} ///:~//: Blips.java
// Simple use of Externalizable & a pitfall
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
class Blip1 implements Externalizable {
public Blip1() {
System.out.println("Blip1 Constructor");
}
public void writeExternal(ObjectOutput out)
throws IOException {
System.out.println("Blip1.writeExternal");
}
public void readExternal(ObjectInput in)
throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
System.out.println("Blip1.readExternal");
}
}
class Blip2 implements Externalizable {
Blip2() {
System.out.println("Blip2 Constructor");
}
public void writeExternal(ObjectOutput out)
throws IOException {
System.out.println("Blip2.writeExternal");
}
public void readExternal(ObjectInput in)
throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
System.out.println("Blip2.readExternal");
}
}
public class Blips {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("Constructing objects:");
Blip1 b1 = new Blip1();
Blip2 b2 = new Blip2();
try {
ObjectOutputStream o =
new ObjectOutputStream(
new FileOutputStream("Blips.out"));
System.out.println("Saving objects:");
o.writeObject(b1);
o.writeObject(b2);
o.close();
// Now get them back:
ObjectInputStream in =
new ObjectInputStream(
new FileInputStream("Blips.out"));
System.out.println("Recovering b1:");
b1 = (Blip1)in.readObject();
// OOPS! Throws an exception:
//! System.out.println("Recovering b2:");
//! b2 = (Blip2)in.readObject();
} catch(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
} ///:~Constructing objects: Blip1 Constructor Blip2 Constructor Saving objects: Blip1.writeExternal Blip2.writeExternal Recovering b1: Blip1 Constructor Blip1.readExternal
//: Blip3.java
// Reconstructing an externalizable object
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
class Blip3 implements Externalizable {
int i;
String s; // No initialization
public Blip3() {
System.out.println("Blip3 Constructor");
// s, i not initialized
}
public Blip3(String x, int a) {
System.out.println("Blip3(String x, int a)");
s = x;
i = a;
// s & i initialized only in non-default
// constructor.
}
public String toString() { return s + i; }
public void writeExternal(ObjectOutput out)
throws IOException {
System.out.println("Blip3.writeExternal");
// You must do this:
out.writeObject(s); out.writeInt(i);
}
public void readExternal(ObjectInput in)
throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
System.out.println("Blip3.readExternal");
// You must do this:
s = (String)in.readObject();
i =in.readInt();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("Constructing objects:");
Blip3 b3 = new Blip3("A String ", 47);
System.out.println(b3.toString());
try {
ObjectOutputStream o =
new ObjectOutputStream(
new FileOutputStream("Blip3.out"));
System.out.println("Saving object:");
o.writeObject(b3);
o.close();
// Now get it back:
ObjectInputStream in =
new ObjectInputStream(
new FileInputStream("Blip3.out"));
System.out.println("Recovering b3:");
b3 = (Blip3)in.readObject();
System.out.println(b3.toString());
} catch(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
} ///:~//: Logon.java
// Demonstrates the "transient" keyword
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
class Logon implements Serializable {
private Date date = new Date();
private String username;
private transient String password;
Logon(String name, String pwd) {
username = name;
password = pwd;
}
public String toString() {
String pwd =
(password == null) ? "(n/a)" : password;
return "logon info: \n " +
"username: " + username +
"\n date: " + date.toString() +
"\n password: " + pwd;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Logon a = new Logon("Hulk", "myLittlePony");
System.out.println( "logon a = " + a);
try {
ObjectOutputStream o =
new ObjectOutputStream(
new FileOutputStream("Logon.out"));
o.writeObject(a);
o.close();
// Delay:
int seconds = 5;
long t = System.currentTimeMillis()
+ seconds * 1000;
while(System.currentTimeMillis() < t)
;
// Now get them back:
ObjectInputStream in =
new ObjectInputStream(
new FileInputStream("Logon.out"));
System.out.println(
"Recovering object at " + new Date());
a = (Logon)in.readObject();
System.out.println( "logon a = " + a);
} catch(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
} ///:~logon a = logon info: username: Hulk date: Sun Mar 23 18:25:53 PST 1997 password: myLittlePony Recovering object at Sun Mar 23 18:25:59 PST 1997 logon a = logon info: username: Hulk date: Sun Mar 23 18:25:53 PST 1997 password: (n/a)
private void
writeObject(ObjectOutputStream stream)
throws IOException;
private void
readObject(ObjectInputStream stream)
throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException