Table B.3. Commands and Reserved
Words
|
|
Command
|
Chapter
|
Summary
|
|
!
|
5
|
Reserved word. Logical NOT of a command exit status.
|
|
:
|
7
|
Do nothing (just do expansions of any arguments).
|
|
.
|
4
|
Read file and execute its contents in current shell.
|
|
alias
|
3
|
Set up shorthand for command or command line.
|
|
bg
|
8
|
Put job in background.
|
|
bind
|
2
|
Bind a key sequence to a readline
function or macro.
|
|
break
|
5
|
Exit from surrounding for, select, while, or until loop.
|
|
builtin
|
5
|
Execute the specified shell built-in.
|
|
case
|
5
|
Reserved word. Multi-way conditional construct.
|
|
cd
|
1
|
Change working directory.
|
|
command
|
7
|
Run a command bypassing shell function lookup.
|
|
continue
|
|
Skip to next iteration of for,
select, while,
or until loop.
|
|
declare
|
6
|
Declare variables and give them attributes.
|
|
dirs
|
6
|
Display the list of currently remembered directories.
|
|
disown
|
8
|
Remove a job from the job table.
|
|
do
|
5
|
Reserved word. Part of a for,
select, while,
or until looping construct.
|
|
done
|
5
|
Reserved word. Part of a for,
select, while,
or until looping construct.
|
|
echo
|
4
|
Expand and print any arguments.
|
|
elif
|
5
|
Reserved word. Part of an if
construct.
|
|
else
|
5
|
Reserved word. Part of an if
construct.
|
|
enable
|
7
|
Enable and disable built-in shell commands.
|
|
esac
|
5
|
Reserved word. Part of a case
construct.
|
|
eval
|
7
|
Run the given arguments through command-line processing.
|
|
exec
|
9
|
Replace the shell with the given program.
|
|
exit
|
5
|
Exit from the shell.
|
|
export
|
3
|
Create environment variables.
|
|
fc
|
2
|
Fix command (edit history file).
|
|
fg
|
8
|
Put background job in foreground.
|
|
fi
|
5
|
Reserved word. Part of an if
construct.
|
|
for
|
5
|
Reserved word. Looping construct.
|
|
function
|
4
|
Define a function.
|
|
getopts
|
6
|
Process command-line options.
|
|
hash
|
3
|
Full pathnames are determined and remembered.
|
|
help
|
1
|
Display helpful information on built-in commands.
|
|
history
|
1
|
Display command history.
|
|
if
|
5
|
Reserved word. Conditional construct.
|
|
in
|
5
|
Reserved word. Part of a case
construct.
|
|
jobs
|
1
|
List any background jobs.
|
|
kill
|
8
|
Send a signal to a process.
|
|
let
|
6
|
Arithmetic variable assignment.
|
|
local
|
4
|
Create a local variable.
|
|
logout
|
1
|
Exits a login shell.
|
|
popd
|
4
|
Removes a directory from the directory stack.
|
|
pushd
|
4
|
Adds a directory to the directory stack.
|
|
pwd
|
1
|
Print the working directory.
|
|
read
|
7
|
Read a line from standard input.
|
|
readonly
|
6
|
Make variables read-only (unassignable).
|
|
return
|
5
|
Return from the surrounding function or script.
|
|
select
|
5
|
Reserved word. Menu-generation construct.
|
|
set
|
3
|
Set options.
|
|
shift
|
6
|
Shift command-line arguments.
|
|
suspend
|
|
Suspend execution of a shell.
|
|
test
|
5
|
Evaluates a conditional expression.
|
|
then
|
5
|
Reserved word. Part of an if
construct.
|
|
time
|
|
Reserved word. Run command pipeline and print execution
times. The format of the output can be controlled with TIMEFORMAT.
|
|
times
|
|
Print the accumulated user and system times for processes
run from the shell.
|
|
trap
|
8
|
Set up a signal-catching routine.
|
|
type
|
3
|
Identify the source of a command.
|
|
typeset
|
6
|
Declare variables and give them attributes. Same as declare.
|
|
ulimit
|
10
|
Set/show process resource limits.
|
|
umask
|
10
|
Set/show file permission mask.
|
|
unalias
|
3
|
Remove alias definitions.
|
|
unset
|
3
|
Remove definitions of variables or functions.
|
|
until
|
5
|
Reserved word. Looping construct.
|
|
wait
|
8
|
Wait for background job(s) to finish.
|
|
while
|
5
|
Reserved word. Looping construct.
|